5. Modern Art Movements (c. 1800 – 1950)

• Impressionism (c. 1860s-1880s): Artists like Mone broke with traditional styles to capture light and movement in everyday scenes, leading to modernist experimentation .

• Cubism and Surrealism: Picasso and Braque pioneered Cubism, while Dalí and Magritte explored Surrealism, refly 20th-century shifts in psychology and abstract thought .

• Abstract Expressionism (1940s-1950s): This American movement, led by Jackson Pollock and Mark Rothko, emphasized spontaion and color as emotional expression .